Childbirth or childbirth is the beginning of a new life in the outside world. It takes place at the end of the pregnancy of the mother, in a sequence that we see here.
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.Childbirth (also called labour, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a human pregnancy or gestation period with the delivery of one or more newborn infants from a woman’s uterus. The process of human childbirth is categorized in three stages of labour: the shortening and dilation of the cervix, descent and delivery of the infant, and delivery of the placenta.
There are several signs that announce the impending birth. The regular contractions of the womb (uterus), followed by increasingly strong and are the most common signal. These are rhythmic contractions and lead to unrest. so the mother will not have, in general, difficulties in distinguishing between contractions heralding the birth and any other action has been noticed that the uterus during pregnancy cl. Such actions occur spasmodically, do not cause discomfort and are thought to be a normal and natural to help fetal development.
The three stages of childbirth
The birth process is a sequence of three phases. During the first, in which the uterus begins to contract vigorously, first dilates the cervix and vagina after. This phase can be prolonged from 2 to 24 hours towards the end there is a short transition period, which breaks the amniotic sac containing the fetus.
Then the fluid that protects the fetus flows (the popular expression calls this "breaking water"), if not already done so. There may be a feeling of nausea and even vomiting.
The second stage of labor can last from just a few minutes to two hours. In general, the contractions are felt every one to two minutes and lasting for about 60 seconds. During those contractions, the mother has to push while the child’s head down the neck of the uterus to step vaginal, very widened – This is the stage of childbirth itself. In a normal presentation, the head goes first and puts it in better position to shoulder out more easily. Then, the rest of the body slips out easily. The obstetrician or midwife hold the newborn upside down for a moment, so that all the mucous and fluids out of the mouth and upper respiratory tract. After the child makes an inspiration air, no longer depending on the oxygen produced by the mother and cries for the first time. Meanwhile, there will be tied around the umbilical cord of the child’s body and then cut, so absolutely painless. Once you clean your mouth and nose, the child should be breathing normally and its color should go from blue to a natural color
The third and final phase, which begins approximately 15 minutes after the baby’s birth, includes the removal of the placenta painless (Secundino) and the remnants of the umbilical cord. Needs to consider carefully the placenta, to be sure that if this becomes something entirely inside the body of the mother, may result in a hemorrhage Applies to an intramuscular injection to help the uterus to contract and prevent a hemorrhage
It’s called the postpartum period of six to eight weeks following childbirth; during that time, the bodies of the mother return to normal. After childbirth, the mother is happy and optimistic. but a day or two after you may experience a deep depression, largely due to temporary hormonal imbalance, depression disappears soon. During the postpartum period, the uterus shrinks and is only slightly higher than before conception. Again resumed the ovulatory cycle. Since about two god after birth, maternal breast milk is produced, and their continued encouragement to breastfeed to help the uterus return to its normal state
Childbirth and pain
Most women suffer more or less intense pain during childbirth, although a healthy and happy mother is over thanks to the excitement and joy for the birth of his son. But many women need something to alleviate their pain during childbirth. One recent technique is that of epidural anesthesia, in which a local anesthetic cools the nerves of the uterus, leaving the mother aware: in this way, the same mother is an active subject and may assist in the process.
Also used at times by inhalation anesthetic, either at the end of the first phase, as throughout the second stage of labor, as required. Analgesic drugs, such as the hydrochloride meperidine (Pethidine Demerol.), generally administered by intramuscular injection, decreasing the discomfort, however, should not be given the medicine too late, since it could affect the baby’s breath.
Supporters of the methods of hypnosis and scorn natural painkillers and anesthetics because, they say, if the mother is free of tension and relaxed, suffer little. Hypnosis achieves this by the suggestion for the natural birth mother was convinced that childbirth is a natural process and teaches you to use special breathing techniques to alleviate the pain and relax muscles.
Problems of childbirth
Difficult births are rare – but, if the child is presented feet, knees or buttocks, he has to draw quickly to avoid a stifle, or if the mother is too close, they are used other methods. The forceps, surgical clamps big serve to help the child to leave. Sometimes they make an incision in the vagina to reduce the pressure on the baby’s head. Caesarean section was performed when the normal delivery was impossible:
is to open the lower abdomen to remove the child. If there are reasons for this, it leads to artificially childbirth
1 – At the end of pregnancy, the baby’s head will fit into the cavity of the maternal pelvis, a point to go through the birth canal. In this first stage of labor, the interval between contractions of between 5 and 30 minute –
2 – The contractions of the uterus to continue pushing the child down. In general, turns his head slightly to one side, to allow it to pass through the narrow pelvic. Then the Contractions are more frequent.
3 – The cervix and vagina have been dilated for the baby’s head can emerge, the Contractions with their mother continues to push the baby out
4 – The head of the baby has "crowned" and is already visible to those who attend the birth, leaving his head when the baby moves so that the shoulders turn a better position to exit.
5 – The obstetrician or midwife typically help out head and shoulders, after which the body slips out quite so easy. Sometimes they are used forceps to assist the head to get out.
6 – In the third phase will be the childbirth espulsan the rest of the placenta and umbilical cord. A mother was generally administers an injection to stop the bleeding and help the uterus begins to retract, to return to its normal size in about six weeks.
Breech presentation are those in which babies are born with the buttocks, knees or feet first. Between 30 and 34 weeks fetus usually rotates, so that they remain in Head submission. But about 1 in every 30 babies and is not touring with his head in the top of the uterus. The breech presentations are not difficult in general. But in certain cases, the obstetrician will turn the fetus to avoid damage to the arms or the umbilical cord to pass in bad position for the birth canal.
